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Serial numbers — where they actually work

A serial number is an answer only where the maker published a range and the range was per model. Four makers in this archive clear that bar; the rest are dated by their parts.

Quad published a counter of numbers issued by the end of each year, model by model, from 1953 to 1992. That is the strongest serial evidence in British hi-fi, and it is read per model, never globally.

McIntosh numbered each model in its own sequence and the compiled ranges are per model too — the difference is that they come from production books reproduced by collectors rather than a single maker document.

Thorens documented the TD-124 only, from a set of dated units and invoices; Revox documented the A77 by version with the Swiss and German builds running in parallel. Both need the model or the prefix to mean anything.

Everywhere else — Fisher, Scott, Leak, Radford, Heathkit, EICO, Knight, Harman Kardon, Sherwood, and most of Dual and Garrard — no table exists, and a number that looks decodable is not.

How to read it
01 / Pick the model first

Serial tables are per model. A correct number read against the wrong model produces a confident and wrong year.

02 / Then the number

Enter it exactly as stamped, including any letter in front of it: the Revox S and G prefixes select different ranges.

03 / Read the method line

Every answer names the method it came from — an official table, a milestone table compiled from dated units, or a reported community formula.

Traps
Try it
Add the model or a cosmetic detail (optional — it removes guesswork)
Tables in the archive

McIntosh Laboratory — A116

· 1 rows · Per-model series: every McIntosh model has its own numbering. Period: January 1953 - July 1954. The letter inside the number is a production-series code, NOT a year.

PrefixFromToYearsSource
500085151953–1954McIntosh Compendium (Berner's) — per-model serial ranges — A116

Marantz — Method 1 — numbering bases (method description)

· 0 rows · Method 1 — purely sequential numbering from a base number. Bases: 0 — models 10, 24; 1000 (1001 in the mainatework guide) — models 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 8B, 9, 10B, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 20B, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 32, 105, 110, 115, 115B, 120, 120B, 125, 150, 240, 250, 250M, 500, 510M, 1030, 1040, 1060, 1070, 1200, 2010, 2015, 2200, 2220B, 2230, 2240, 2245, 2270, 2440, 3300, 3600, 3800, 4060, 4100, 4220, 4230, 4240, 4270, 4415, 4430; 10000 (10001) — models 7, 7C, 7T; 100000 (100001) — 2235, 2250B. The suffix “J4” = universal transformer (100/120/200/220/240 V). For models 1030, 1040, 1060, 1070, 2010, 2015, 2220, 2220B, 2230, 2235, 2240, 2245, 2270, 2275, 2440 the numbering depends on the market: USA from 1001, Europe from 50001, Canada from 60001, Asia from 80001.

Quad (Acoustical Manufacturing) — QCII Control Unit

· 13 rows · Official Quad table (PDF, page 2): each model gives the serial-number counter at the end of the year. It is a year, not a month; the table does not separate the mono/stereo runs of the 1959 changeover. Production 1953-1959, 20000 units sold.

PrefixFromToYearsSource
120011953Dada Electronics — Quad production history & serial numbers (PDF) (PDF)
200227441954Dada Electronics — Quad production history & serial numbers (PDF) (PDF)
274542791955Dada Electronics — Quad production history & serial numbers (PDF) (PDF)
428079801956Dada Electronics — Quad production history & serial numbers (PDF) (PDF)
7981100511957Dada Electronics — Quad production history & serial numbers (PDF) (PDF)
10052126121958Dada Electronics — Quad production history & serial numbers (PDF) (PDF)
12613140761959Dada Electronics — Quad production history & serial numbers (PDF) (PDF)
14077165411960Dada Electronics — Quad production history & serial numbers (PDF) (PDF)
16542195031961Dada Electronics — Quad production history & serial numbers (PDF) (PDF)
19504198001962Dada Electronics — Quad production history & serial numbers (PDF) (PDF)
19801198761963Dada Electronics — Quad production history & serial numbers (PDF) (PDF)
19877199641964Dada Electronics — Quad production history & serial numbers (PDF) (PDF)
19965204191965Dada Electronics — Quad production history & serial numbers (PDF) (PDF)

Thorens — Thorens TD-124 / TD-124 Mk II

· 13 rows · One continuous numbering from no. 1001 (1957); when the Mk I → Mk II change happened, the numbering was NOT restarted. The number is on the chassis (sometimes a label or an engraving). The RetroTone table is a compilation of live units, dated receipts/invoices and Joachim Bung's research: accuracy ≈ ±half a year to a year, and the numbers cannot be divided evenly between years (the production rate varied). Documented points: no. 1102 — the first 1–2 months of production; no. 14,302 ≈ 1959; no. 29,304 — a dealer invoice of December 1961; no. 40,000 — a receipt of 21.03.1964; no. 59,222 — late Mk I, no. 59,320 — early Mk II (the changeover ≈59,000, spring 1965). The switch to the other bearing type — ≈7,000–8,000; the dark green inner platter — below ≈30,000. Year of sale ≠ year of manufacture: units from stock were still sold in the late 1960s.

PrefixFromToYearsSource
100160001957RetroTone (UK) — Thorens TD-124 dating research
6001120001958RetroTone (UK) — Thorens TD-124 dating research
12001200001959RetroTone (UK) — Thorens TD-124 dating research
20001270001960RetroTone (UK) — Thorens TD-124 dating research
27001320001961RetroTone (UK) — Thorens TD-124 dating research
32001380001962RetroTone (UK) — Thorens TD-124 dating research
38001450001963–1964RetroTone (UK) — Thorens TD-124 dating research
45001520001964RetroTone (UK) — Thorens TD-124 dating research
52001593001964–1965RetroTone (UK) — Thorens TD-124 dating research
59301600001965RetroTone (UK) — Thorens TD-124 dating research
60001700001965–1966RetroTone (UK) — Thorens TD-124 dating research
70001820001966RetroTone (UK) — Thorens TD-124 dating research
82001950001967RetroTone (UK) — Thorens TD-124 dating research

Revox (Willi Studer) — Revox A77 — machines assembled in Switzerland (prefix S)

· 4 rows · Prefix S = Made in Switzerland (Regensdorf), G = Löffingen/West Germany; the prefix is the place of assembly, NOT the version. About 72,800 Swiss and 289,730 German machines in total (QRG). The versions ran as parallel S and G streams, which is why one Mk version has two ranges. An exact date comes only from the month/year stamp on the reel-motor rotors (and on the heads of some machines): the part has to be removed. Changes by number: S 15 500 / G 16 150 — new capstan motor (+20 V supply, different mains transformer); S 37 751 / G 43 228 — different pinch-roller solenoid; S 60 483 / G 78 003 — capstan motor on sleeve bearings instead of ball bearings; G 111 813 — different brake drum; G 267 100 — calibration on Revox 621 tape; G 277 664 / G 279 969 — different speakers (case only).

PrefixFromToYearsSource
S54180801967–1969ReelToReel.nl — Studer/Revox QRG documents (PDF)
S18081456391969–1970ReelToReel.nl — Studer/Revox QRG documents (PDF)
S45640728521971–1973ReelToReel.nl — Studer/Revox QRG documents (PDF)
S72853open1973–1977ReelToReel.nl — Studer/Revox QRG documents (PDF)

Dynaco — Dynaco serial-number formula (product code + year + week)

· 11 rows · The formula (from Ronaldw441's post in rec.audio.tubes, 14.12.1996, mirrored at geocities.ws/mnowlen/dynaco.htm; it “works” on the author's own units): [1st, sometimes 1st–2nd digit = product code in order of introduction into the range][next digit = year of manufacture][2 digits = week][3 digits = unit number within the week]. Example: 3 809 077 → code 3 = Mark III, 8 = year (1958 OR 1968 — the decade is not distinguishable in the number), 09 = ninth week, 077 = number within the week. The product-code list is incomplete: the source itself marks some entries with a “?”. The ranges below are given as “product code × 10^6” — that is a way to separate one product from another, NOT a factory range: the year is determined by the digits after the code, so a decoder must implement the formula, not just a range lookup.

PrefixFromToYearsSource
200000029999991957GeoCities mirror (community archive)
300000039999991957GeoCities mirror (community archive)
600000069999991961GeoCities mirror (community archive)
700000079999991963GeoCities mirror (community archive)
16000000169999991964GeoCities mirror (community archive)
17000000179999991967GeoCities mirror (community archive)
18000000189999991967GeoCities mirror (community archive)
20000000209999991972GeoCities mirror (community archive)
22000000229999991973GeoCities mirror (community archive)
23000000239999991974GeoCities mirror (community archive)
380907738090771958GeoCities mirror (community archive)

Fisher Radio (The Fisher) — 100 Amplifier SM

· 1 rows · Brackets = the applicability bounds of the manuals (Vintage Radio Publishing / fisherconsoles.com). There is no dating.

PrefixFromToYearsSource
1000119999—Fisher Consoles — Fisher console & receiver archive

Garrard Engineering — Garrard 301 / 301 transcription turntable

· 5 rows · No Garrard factory registers survived. What works is the combination: Schedule 1 (51400/1, 1953–1957, grease bearing) and Schedule 2 (51400/2, 1957–1965, oil bearing), the cosmetics/faceplates and the rule of thumb “≈7,000 units a year”: year ≈ (serial number / 7000) + 1954. The same rule of thumb is reproduced by the only ready-made 301/401 decoder (serial-number-decoder.com), so all the year assignments below are approximate. The best independent witness of the year is the ink stamp “year + week” on the underside of the deck (the Garrard Matters community).

PrefixFromToYearsSource
1160001954–1956Classic Turntable Company — Garrard 301/401 data
16001165001956–1957Classic Turntable Company — Garrard 301/401 data
21055210551957Gramophone Music — Garrard service notes
40001821681957–1965Classic Turntable Company — Garrard 301/401 data
1200001300001966Classic Turntable Company — Garrard 301/401 data

Sansui Electric — 1000A

· 4 rows · Nine- and eight-digit numbers: the year digit is the third (9 digits) / the second (8 digits); the first 1–2 digits are the line. The ranges are line + year digit, not factory boundaries; observations: 8.

PrefixFromToYearsSource
1160000001169999991966AK Database — Sansui serial compilation (Report 2, PDF) (PDF)
1170000001179999991967AK Database — Sansui serial compilation (Report 2, PDF) (PDF)
1180000001189999991968AK Database — Sansui serial compilation (Report 2, PDF) (PDF)
15000000159999991975AK Database — Sansui serial compilation (Report 2, PDF) (PDF)
Frequently asked
Can I date any hi-fi amplifier by its serial number?

No. In this archive only Quad, McIntosh (per model), Thorens TD-124 and Revox A77 have documented serial-to-year ranges. For the other makers a serial number carries no year, and the answer says so instead of guessing.

Why does the same number mean different years on different models?

Because these makers numbered per model, not per company. Quad and McIntosh both ran separate sequences for each product, so the model has to be chosen first.

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